電(dian)子標簽(qian)(qian)又稱射頻標簽(qian)(qian)、應答器、數據載(zai)體；閱(yue)讀器又稱為讀出裝置(zhi)、掃描器、讀頭、通信器、讀寫器（取決于電(dian)子標簽(qian)(qian)是否可(ke)以無線改寫數據）。電(dian)子標簽(qian)(qian)與閱(yue)讀器之間通過耦(ou)合(he)(he)元(yuan)件實現射頻信號的空(kong)間（無接觸）耦(ou)合(he)(he)；在耦(ou)合(he)(he)通道內，根據時(shi)序關系，實現能(neng)量的傳遞(di)和(he)數據交換。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是一種非接(jie)觸式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)自動識(shi)別技(ji)(ji)術，它通過射頻信(xin)號來識(shi)別目標(biao)對象(xiang)并(bing)獲取(qu)相關數(shu)據，識(shi)別工作(zuo)無(wu)需人工干(gan)預，作(zuo)為條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)碼的(de)(de)無(wu)線版本，RFID技(ji)(ji)術具(ju)有條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)碼所不(bu)具(ju)備的(de)(de)防水、防磁、耐高溫、使用(yong)壽命長、讀(du)(du)取(qu)距離大、標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)上(shang)數(shu)據可以(yi)加密(mi)、存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)數(shu)據容量更大、存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)信(xin)息更改自如(ru)等優點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)編碼方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)及(ji)讀(du)(du)寫方(fang)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)傳統(tong)標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(如(ru)條(tiao)碼)或(huo)手工標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)不(bu)同，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)編碼的(de)(de)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)是在(zai)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路上(shang)以(yi)只讀(du)(du)或(huo)可讀(du)(du)寫格式(shi)(shi)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)；特別是讀(du)(du)寫方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)標(biao)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是用(yong)無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)傳輸方(fang)式(shi)(shi)實現的(de)(de)。

RFID電子標簽突出的(de)技術(shu)特(te)點是：可以(yi)識(shi)別(bie)單個(ge)(ge)的(de)非常具體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，而不(bu)像條形碼(ma)(ma)那樣只(zhi)能(neng)識(shi)別(bie)一類物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；可以(yi)同(tong)時對多(duo)個(ge)(ge)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)進行識(shi)讀(du)，而條形碼(ma)(ma)只(zhi)能(neng)一個(ge)(ge)一個(ge)(ge)地讀(du)；存儲的(de)信(xin)息量(liang)很大；采用無線(xian)電射頻(pin)，可以(yi)透過外(wai)部(bu)材料讀(du)取數據(ju)，而條形碼(ma)(ma)必須靠激光(guang)或紅外(wai)在材料介質的(de)表面讀(du)取信(xin)息。